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good afternoon ladies and gentlemen my

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name is Dwayne brown with NASA

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headquarters and we're here at the Jet

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Propulsion Laboratory awaiting one of

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the agencies biggest moments over the

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past few days you've heard about law

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Science Laboratory Curiosity and now

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we're going to flip the script a little

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bit no graphics no PowerPoint no

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animation just straight talk informal

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talk we roll up our sleeves and we hear

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from the personal thoughts wishes and

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goals of two of the most accomplished

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they will not only talk about how they

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feel about tonight the big picture of

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the space program but also answer the

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what if question there provide a couple

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of opening remarks few minutes of

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remarks and then we'll open up for Q&A

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first up will be dr. John Grunsfeld

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associate administrator Vanessa science

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Mission Directorate and dr. Charles

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elachi the director to Jet Propulsion

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Laboratory dr. Granville thank you very

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much Duane so I I'd like this to be very

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informal this is your opportunity to ask

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us you know those questions kind of get

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into the spirit of the day here as I

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walked into on Carmen auditorium it was

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you know very quiet out on the mall I

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had a chance to walk by the model of the

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Curiosity rover and you know nothing was

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stirring at all and it's definitely

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quiet before the storm we this

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tremendous and

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patient for this mission obviously it's

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been in crews for four months

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everything's been going great that

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spacecraft itself is doing well but

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we're about to do something that I think

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is you know just huge for for humankind

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to put this chemistry laboratory on the

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surface of Mars that can roll that can

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see and that's going to provide

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scientists on earth a glimpse into the

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past history of Mars but it's also about

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our own history and I think about John

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Wesley Powell that the American

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geologist exploring the American West

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going down into the Grand Canyon which

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gives us that rare peek of our Earth's

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history back a couple of billion years

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and with the Curiosity rover in Gale

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Crater we hope to get that same kind of

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picture of the history of Mars going

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back billions of years to the times when

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Mars what might have been wet and we

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think that from our orbital

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reconnaissance using the Mars

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Reconnaissance orbiters Odyssey and the

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Mars Express mission and all of our

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reconnaissance including the spirit not

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opportunity robbers but particularly in

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in Gale Crater we have this this amazing

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chance to look back in the past and

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answer the fundamental question you know

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could Mars have had you know salty seas

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that might have been conducive to you

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know microbial life developing and are

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there any signs that that might have

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happened so that's that's all great but

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it's it's much bigger than that you know

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this is curiosity has captured the

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imagination of the nation in the world

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and the events that are going on just

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surrounding tonight which is the entry

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descent and landing the seven minutes

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the shortest part of this two-year

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mission is captured the fascination of

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the world for good reason and and

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Charles will probably talk about that

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but the huge leverage will be once

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curiosity is all checked out and starts

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roving and starts doing science I'm

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absolutely convinced that the kids who

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watch and the people who watch the entry

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descent and landing tonight will be

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engaged for the full mission part of

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that discovery vicarious discovery

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and we'll remember tonight in the way

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that I remember the Apollo 11 landing

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when I was in summer school in 1969 many

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of you have heard me say that as i'm

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saying it here on the stage i'm already

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getting chills about tonight I know from

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my own kids since they weren't alive

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then this will be one of the most

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significant nights of their lives as you

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know they watch the curiosity mission so

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I'm very excited about that but I I want

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before I hand it over to Charles I need

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to satisfy my own curiosity just for a

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minute so with your indulgence you know

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I have to ask Charles what's up with the

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peanuts well I'm sure that many of you

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who have been to previous events at JPL

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you will notice just before we go into

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orbit or before we land a bag of peanuts

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or it can openers get circulated from in

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front of everybody in the mission

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operation room where this goes back to

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almost 40 years ago when JPL started

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doing planetary mission for some reason

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they got in the habit that this brings

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good luck yeah this is not advertising

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for anybody but it's a somehow it

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started that tradition and we carried it

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with us and it has always brought us

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good luck so if tonight you see as

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passing peanuts it's not because we are

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hungry but it's because you know that we

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think that will bring us good luck so

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that's that the story on this one let me

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add a little bit to what John was saying

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you know this morning I got up you know

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at eight o'clock and we had at our house

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I have our daughter and her husband and

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and my grandkids and my wife's brother

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and wife sister and wife mom or coming

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you know to see this event and my wife

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said well how are you feeling this

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morning you know I'm really feeling good

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you know I'm nervous but I'm really

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feeling good and I was supposed to come

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here at twelve o'clock but by ten

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o'clock i couldn't resist so i drove and

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went into the mission operation room sat

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in the back and it was kind of quiet and

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i sit down and really thought about what

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a great thing what they might think

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we're doing you know today so i took

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those five minutes of you know quiet

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think about it and one of my favorite

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quotes is from President Teddy Roosevelt

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which I'm going to kind of

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say it not exactly like he said that

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it's far better to dare mighty things

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even though there is a risk of failure

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than to sit in the Twilight and not know

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neither victory nor defeat and I think

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the team you know that is working today

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that is going to be landing the

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spacecraft the team that have done it

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from all across NASA from all across the

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nation from all across the world are

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really doing very mighty things on

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behalf of all of us and I think at

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ten-thirty to Mars is going to be

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different than a 1031 you know tonight

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because we will have an explorer

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hopefully successfully on that planet as

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John was saying exploring and giving us

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more information how did Mars evolve why

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did Mars which have very similar

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features at Earth why is it different

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today why did life evolved here and did

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not evolve them Mars in in the same way

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so things are going to be different at

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ten-thirty to 10 33 and over the next

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weeks and months you know in years and

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to put it in a context we have to keep

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thinking that as we speak today we have

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dozens of spacecrafts across the solar

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system which have the NASA logo you know

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on them and the American flag and the

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NASA and the j.pierre logo on it and

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these are providing science in a way

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completely different than when I was

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young you know at school like John was

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saying before we used to have a mission

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and wait for 56 years so we can verify a

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hypothesis remember on Mars would have

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been now continuously for 15 years our

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nation had continuous presence on Mars

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on 15 years since the time we landed

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Pathfinder and then with the orbiters

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and the Landers and I challenge our team

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are working on opportunity I told them

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please make sure opportunity continue to

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work until after tonight so we can say

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we have continuous presence you know

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beyond that so anyway it is a great day

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it is a great moment and not only for us

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here for everybody you know it is a

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great day and and we wish the team

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success and I hope I'm sure you all will

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be cheering for us you know to achieve

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success tonight ok so again we want to

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keep this informal but we are going to

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have you wait for the mic and

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and give your name and affiliation and

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again this is straight talk everything's

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on the table can you raise your hand and

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we'll start here i'm alan boyle with NBC

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News and please tell us what's up with

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the Mars program besides the peanuts

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what's the latest on the planning for

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the next the next mars mission after

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maven so Ellen thank you the next

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mission is maven it launches next year

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it's an upper atmospheric mission beyond

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that we're in the planning stages of you

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know what is the next not just the next

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mission but what is the framework for

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the next era of Mars exploration and I

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think the curiosity landing and roving

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will help to inform that but what we're

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specifically trying to do is build this

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framework with options and then try and

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isolate what is the the next best step

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for the 2018 opportunity and so until I

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get the report and the planning so the

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next step is the Mars program planning

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group which is something that Charlie

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Bolden asked me to spin up a team

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including human spaceflight and

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technology bill Gerstenmaier my

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counterpart in human space flight mason

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peck my counterpart in technology to

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come together and come up with a NASA

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plan not just a science plan but a mars

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exploration plan that incorporates of

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course the science objectives but also

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looks forward to a time when we'll send

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humans to Mars you know gals and guys to

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do astrobiology you know planetary

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science on the surface and enabled by

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technology and look at all the pieces

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look at how the International Space

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Station fits in the Space Launch System

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some of the technology in terms of

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things like atomic clocks optical calm

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new propulsion electric propulsion all

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these kind of things queue it up and see

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where the pieces fit to try and find you

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know those opportunities of synergy that

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leverage the whole NASA program you know

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so that's being queued up for this fall

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once we have the report from the Mars

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program planning group will then start

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to engage the community in additional

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studies hopefully leading to you know

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sometime early

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next year with the release of the

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President's budget you know some ideas

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of specifically you know what those

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plans will be some things are going to

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be on hold until that process is

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complete well I think there's good you

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know it's going to take a while you know

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if we decide whether the 2018 mission is

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an orbiter or a lander you know we may

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spool up an instrument definition team

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but that's kind of a natural timeline

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you know so that so the release of the

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President's budget is you know not so

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much the motive force but a good a good

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time scale maybe one think that what

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John was saying I'm sure you all know

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that we can go to Mars every 26 months

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but also 18 is a pretty good opportunity

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you know from from celestial mechanics

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from the dynamic you know or celestial

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mechanics so it's an important

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opportunity to make sure we capitalize

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on in addition to keeping the momentum

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you know the program all right thanks

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i'm irene klotz with Reuters and

279
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discovery news how much does curiosity

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um play a role is kind of a hinge in

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different alternatives to what might

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come next on Mars meaning that fits

283
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lands and successful how might that lead

284
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to group of missions versus if it's not

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successful where the Mars program might

286
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head well I mean I can clearly is a very

287
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important element of the overall program

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because it's addressing and very

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important scientific questions you know

290
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of understanding on the chemistry if you

291
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want of the sample that will be

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acquiring so it's clearly very important

293
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now like in any strategic planning you

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plan on success and sometimes then what

295
00:12:52,559 --> 00:12:50,829
if something doesn't work you know

296
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things have happened before you know and

297
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in the late about 10 years ago 12 years

298
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ago or we did have a failure but within

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00:13:02,699 --> 00:12:59,980
four years after that we had the rover

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on the surface of Mars so that shows the

301
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commitment and I think was all the

302
00:13:08,579 --> 00:13:07,149
discussion with John and Charlie Bolden

303
00:13:09,929 --> 00:13:08,589
in the administration there is a strong

304
00:13:13,019 --> 00:13:09,939
commitment to continue the exploration

305
00:13:14,160 --> 00:13:13,029
of Mars and in like every exploration

306
00:13:17,280 --> 00:13:14,170
every once in a while you get the

307
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setback and the challenge is how do you

308
00:13:21,210 --> 00:13:19,000
recuperate from that setback and make

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sure you quickly learn from it and

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00:13:23,519 --> 00:13:22,209
address

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you know the question which are still

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the same you know the astrobiological

313
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question the chemistry question and so

314
00:13:32,429 --> 00:13:30,129
on so we have to have a program which is

315
00:13:35,009 --> 00:13:32,439
pretty agile in adjusting and adapting

316
00:13:37,949 --> 00:13:35,019
depending on the new discoveries or lack

317
00:13:39,809 --> 00:13:37,959
of discoveries there's no doubt though

318
00:13:42,150 --> 00:13:39,819
that a roving curiosity is going to make

319
00:13:45,119 --> 00:13:42,160
discoveries and I think what Charles has

320
00:13:47,069 --> 00:13:45,129
said that I'm acutely sensitive to is

321
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what's the nature of those discoveries

322
00:13:51,319 --> 00:13:49,179
and we are going to find sedimentary

323
00:13:54,030 --> 00:13:51,329
rocks because we can see them from orbit

324
00:13:56,340 --> 00:13:54,040
finding out how they were laid down by

325
00:13:58,079 --> 00:13:56,350
what kind of wet process and what

326
00:14:01,350 --> 00:13:58,089
minerals there are you know that's what

327
00:14:04,530 --> 00:14:01,360
these chemistry laboratories will do so

328
00:14:06,119 --> 00:14:04,540
spectacularly and if we see you know

329
00:14:08,040 --> 00:14:06,129
something that looks really exciting you

330
00:14:10,079 --> 00:14:08,050
know that will guide what the future

331
00:14:12,629 --> 00:14:10,089
missions are if we see something that

332
00:14:14,429 --> 00:14:12,639
looks tantalizing but maybe isn't

333
00:14:17,429 --> 00:14:14,439
indicative that you know there was

334
00:14:19,109 --> 00:14:17,439
habitable conditions in Gale Crater you

335
00:14:20,280 --> 00:14:19,119
know billions of years ago you know that

336
00:14:23,129 --> 00:14:20,290
might take us in a different direction

337
00:14:25,530 --> 00:14:23,139
maybe we look for modern modern

338
00:14:27,929 --> 00:14:25,540
volatiles modern water rather than going

339
00:14:29,129 --> 00:14:27,939
back to ancient terrain and so no it's

340
00:14:30,449 --> 00:14:29,139
these kind of things that will guide us

341
00:14:32,309 --> 00:14:30,459
but the exciting thing is those

342
00:14:34,739 --> 00:14:32,319
discoveries are just in front of us

343
00:14:36,660 --> 00:14:34,749
thanks and here's a question I'm sure

344
00:14:39,239 --> 00:14:36,670
every astronaut wanders about at night

345
00:14:42,179 --> 00:14:39,249
is if there's um under continuing

346
00:14:44,639 --> 00:14:42,189
resolution and with the prospect of an

347
00:14:47,850 --> 00:14:44,649
election and Congress unlikely to take

348
00:14:54,090 --> 00:14:47,860
action on a budget is a 20-18 Mars

349
00:14:55,109 --> 00:14:54,100
mission still on a table for you know if

350
00:14:56,789 --> 00:14:55,119
we're looking at some kind of

351
00:14:58,049 --> 00:14:56,799
across-the-board cut you know we're not

352
00:14:59,309 --> 00:14:58,059
currently planning for that I'm

353
00:15:01,079 --> 00:14:59,319
confident that between the

354
00:15:02,789 --> 00:15:01,089
administration and the Congress they're

355
00:15:05,189 --> 00:15:02,799
going to work something out I think the

356
00:15:07,439 --> 00:15:05,199
great thing is that NASA and NASA

357
00:15:09,689 --> 00:15:07,449
science exploration has widespread

358
00:15:11,939 --> 00:15:09,699
support certainly in the administration

359
00:15:13,679 --> 00:15:11,949
but on both sides of the island Congress

360
00:15:16,019 --> 00:15:13,689
and the Senate in the house and the

361
00:15:17,400 --> 00:15:16,029
American people and so I think the 2018

362
00:15:18,989 --> 00:15:17,410
thing is something we're looking forward

363
00:15:21,150 --> 00:15:18,999
to and that is something we're planning

364
00:15:24,569 --> 00:15:21,160
to yeah and it looked at one thing also

365
00:15:26,309 --> 00:15:24,579
to what what John is saying just looking

366
00:15:28,889 --> 00:15:26,319
at the excitement and the engagement

367
00:15:31,559 --> 00:15:28,899
that public had in this mission I mean

368
00:15:34,319 --> 00:15:31,569
millions of hits on the seven minutes of

369
00:15:36,000 --> 00:15:34,329
terror so my hope and and by the way

370
00:15:38,430 --> 00:15:36,010
this is across the whole country

371
00:15:41,370 --> 00:15:38,440
not only people are space cakes like

372
00:15:43,080 --> 00:15:41,380
some of us people from all walks of life

373
00:15:45,390 --> 00:15:43,090
think that this is one of the most

374
00:15:46,710 --> 00:15:45,400
exciting thing we do and at the end I

375
00:15:49,140 --> 00:15:46,720
will have to think that the people in

376
00:15:50,790 --> 00:15:49,150
Washington are our representatives they

377
00:15:53,430 --> 00:15:50,800
are represented what the public wants

378
00:15:56,160 --> 00:15:53,440
and this is I think one of the I'm so

379
00:15:58,200 --> 00:15:56,170
encouraged you know was a strong you

380
00:16:00,060 --> 00:15:58,210
know positive engagement that the public

381
00:16:02,310 --> 00:16:00,070
is doing and I'm sure people would

382
00:16:05,610 --> 00:16:02,320
realize that they are there to basically

383
00:16:09,840 --> 00:16:05,620
satisfy what the taxpayer want so so I'm

384
00:16:13,380 --> 00:16:09,850
hopeful sir yes ODB songy and Josh paste

385
00:16:15,540 --> 00:16:13,390
come from France perhaps a bit naive

386
00:16:17,940 --> 00:16:15,550
question but I remember that for Viking

387
00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:17,950
that was picking one and two was mass

388
00:16:23,490 --> 00:16:19,330
exploration rovers spirit and

389
00:16:25,830 --> 00:16:23,500
opportunity curiosity got no twin was it

390
00:16:28,680 --> 00:16:25,840
only a budget question or was it a

391
00:16:32,100 --> 00:16:28,690
confidence in the system or just a

392
00:16:35,040 --> 00:16:32,110
logistic problem why we had only one you

393
00:16:37,230 --> 00:16:35,050
mean yeah well I mean they always you do

394
00:16:40,320 --> 00:16:37,240
a trade in these things you do always do

395
00:16:42,870 --> 00:16:40,330
a trade between cost and risk on doing

396
00:16:45,270 --> 00:16:42,880
these things so in the case of Spirit

397
00:16:47,910 --> 00:16:45,280
and Opportunity remember we were it was

398
00:16:50,340 --> 00:16:47,920
the first time we put a large size rover

399
00:16:52,260 --> 00:16:50,350
on Mars I mean we had Pathfinder which

400
00:16:55,410 --> 00:16:52,270
we learned a little bit you know from it

401
00:16:58,320 --> 00:16:55,420
so it made sense at that time you know

402
00:17:00,330 --> 00:16:58,330
to do a dual system you know forever now

403
00:17:02,250 --> 00:17:00,340
we feel a little bit more confident it's

404
00:17:04,500 --> 00:17:02,260
not hundred percent sure it will never

405
00:17:06,600 --> 00:17:04,510
be hundred percent sure but feel a lot

406
00:17:08,280 --> 00:17:06,610
more confident about how do we enter the

407
00:17:09,990 --> 00:17:08,290
scent and land you know on another

408
00:17:11,790 --> 00:17:10,000
planet even that it's a little bit

409
00:17:13,439 --> 00:17:11,800
different you know where by using the

410
00:17:15,210 --> 00:17:13,449
skytrain but the first steps are very

411
00:17:17,819 --> 00:17:15,220
similar you know the heat shield the

412
00:17:19,620 --> 00:17:17,829
retrorocket the parachute they are very

413
00:17:21,569 --> 00:17:19,630
similar so it's a little bit of gain of

414
00:17:23,640 --> 00:17:21,579
confidence now of course you always

415
00:17:25,410 --> 00:17:23,650
would like to have redundancy in

416
00:17:26,970 --> 00:17:25,420
everything but you have to create the

417
00:17:29,010 --> 00:17:26,980
balance between the risk and the cost

418
00:17:32,040 --> 00:17:29,020
and we elected to do it that way now

419
00:17:35,910 --> 00:17:32,050
that that said the and correct me if I'm

420
00:17:37,440 --> 00:17:35,920
wrong but the curiosity bus you know the

421
00:17:39,870 --> 00:17:37,450
system not the instruments themselves

422
00:17:42,210 --> 00:17:39,880
with the bus was designed to be somewhat

423
00:17:44,220 --> 00:17:42,220
modular so that if in the future we want

424
00:17:45,900 --> 00:17:44,230
to replicate it with a different suite I

425
00:17:47,970 --> 00:17:45,910
think it would be more straightforward

426
00:17:49,289 --> 00:17:47,980
all the drawings are now in electronic

427
00:17:50,789 --> 00:17:49,299
karen's

428
00:17:53,369 --> 00:17:50,799
nearing has been done you could in

429
00:17:55,350 --> 00:17:53,379
principle build another one much more

430
00:17:56,609 --> 00:17:55,360
easily than we could have as the case of

431
00:18:01,560 --> 00:17:56,619
Viking or some of the other missions

432
00:18:03,330 --> 00:18:01,570
yeah that's good you would certainly

433
00:18:06,350 --> 00:18:03,340
save a lot of the non-recurring

434
00:18:08,609 --> 00:18:06,360
engineering costs as we say thank you

435
00:18:10,440 --> 00:18:08,619
Frank roaring with aviation week to

436
00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:10,450
continue the budget discussion just a

437
00:18:16,220 --> 00:18:12,610
little bit with you John as a telescope

438
00:18:19,769 --> 00:18:16,230
guy arm across your larger portfolio I

439
00:18:24,119 --> 00:18:19,779
know you're tracking web very closely is

440
00:18:29,759 --> 00:18:24,129
it holding holding course or is that a

441
00:18:31,979 --> 00:18:29,769
threat against future Mars programs and

442
00:18:33,299 --> 00:18:31,989
also you've gotten a couple of big

443
00:18:36,810 --> 00:18:33,309
mirrors from the National Reconnaissance

444
00:18:38,310 --> 00:18:36,820
Office which someone described to me is

445
00:18:43,470 --> 00:18:38,320
sort of like having your rich uncle give

446
00:18:45,149 --> 00:18:43,480
you a Ferrari engine what are you going

447
00:18:48,720 --> 00:18:45,159
to do with with with that opportunity

448
00:18:51,690 --> 00:18:48,730
this the larger science portfolio and

449
00:18:53,519 --> 00:18:51,700
the and the other calls on that limited

450
00:18:56,430 --> 00:18:53,529
budget well let me start with the James

451
00:18:59,129 --> 00:18:56,440
Webb Space Telescope it's doing great on

452
00:19:00,899 --> 00:18:59,139
schedule budget we've got mid-infrared

453
00:19:02,159 --> 00:19:00,909
instrument already delivered to Goddard

454
00:19:04,229 --> 00:19:02,169
and it's going through integration and

455
00:19:06,779 --> 00:19:04,239
test the fine guidance sensor which is

456
00:19:08,159 --> 00:19:06,789
which are the eyes if you will of and a

457
00:19:10,710 --> 00:19:08,169
scientific instrument for James Webb

458
00:19:12,810 --> 00:19:10,720
from Canada the Canadian Space Agency

459
00:19:15,210 --> 00:19:12,820
that's just been delivered to Goddard so

460
00:19:16,979 --> 00:19:15,220
the backplane is completed the mirrors

461
00:19:18,749 --> 00:19:16,989
are completed it's actually coming

462
00:19:20,399 --> 00:19:18,759
together as a telescope now that said

463
00:19:22,019 --> 00:19:20,409
you know once we put all the pieces

464
00:19:24,149 --> 00:19:22,029
together and start testing it at

465
00:19:26,669 --> 00:19:24,159
cryogenic temperatures we're going to

466
00:19:29,310 --> 00:19:26,679
find problems that's why we take build

467
00:19:30,570 --> 00:19:29,320
and test and the same was true of the

468
00:19:32,310 --> 00:19:30,580
Mars Science Lab it's true of everything

469
00:19:34,200 --> 00:19:32,320
we do so you're going to hear about some

470
00:19:37,739 --> 00:19:34,210
of those issues coming up and so in

471
00:19:39,930 --> 00:19:37,749
order to make sure that the project goes

472
00:19:42,690 --> 00:19:39,940
forward on schedule and on budget we

473
00:19:43,799 --> 00:19:42,700
actually plan for those problems to

474
00:19:45,659 --> 00:19:43,809
occur I can't tell you what they'll be

475
00:19:47,729 --> 00:19:45,669
now because if I knew it they were we'd

476
00:19:49,200 --> 00:19:47,739
fix them before we get to test but we're

477
00:19:52,470 --> 00:19:49,210
going into the really interesting and

478
00:19:54,299 --> 00:19:52,480
difficult phase but the project is doing

479
00:19:56,009 --> 00:19:54,309
really well they're actually ahead on

480
00:19:58,190 --> 00:19:56,019
some milestones meeting the rest of the

481
00:20:00,629 --> 00:19:58,200
milestones meeting the budget targets

482
00:20:02,700 --> 00:20:00,639
and moving forward into that integration

483
00:20:03,100 --> 00:20:02,710
and test phase and we are watching it

484
00:20:04,630 --> 00:20:03,110
very

485
00:20:06,400 --> 00:20:04,640
ously work you know making good

486
00:20:09,070 --> 00:20:06,410
management decisions and that's the key

487
00:20:11,380 --> 00:20:09,080
make you know make decisions and timely

488
00:20:13,330 --> 00:20:11,390
basis catch the bad decisions quickly

489
00:20:14,410 --> 00:20:13,340
move on and the team is doing just a

490
00:20:17,860 --> 00:20:14,420
great job doing that so I'm very

491
00:20:19,990 --> 00:20:17,870
confident James Webb the two optic

492
00:20:22,180 --> 00:20:20,000
systems that we got you know parts of

493
00:20:24,310 --> 00:20:22,190
telescopes from the National

494
00:20:25,990 --> 00:20:24,320
Reconnaissance Office you know we're

495
00:20:28,750 --> 00:20:26,000
currently storing those we have folks

496
00:20:30,910 --> 00:20:28,760
looking at the data but we haven't yet

497
00:20:32,950 --> 00:20:30,920
decided what the path forward is and

498
00:20:34,270 --> 00:20:32,960
their various paths you know certainly

499
00:20:36,070 --> 00:20:34,280
they could be interesting as an

500
00:20:38,110 --> 00:20:36,080
astronomical telescope but we haven't

501
00:20:39,490 --> 00:20:38,120
done the work yet to say you know what

502
00:20:41,500 --> 00:20:39,500
exactly can they do what kind of

503
00:20:43,930 --> 00:20:41,510
performance and how would we go forward

504
00:20:45,520 --> 00:20:43,940
but i think you know in the coming

505
00:20:48,640 --> 00:20:45,530
months we'll be able to talk about that

506
00:20:53,650 --> 00:20:48,650
some more i think we had to focus on on

507
00:20:56,260 --> 00:20:53,660
Mars today Eric hi John Eric Han with

508
00:20:58,930 --> 00:20:56,270
nature Eric I'm last month you were due

509
00:21:01,150 --> 00:20:58,940
to make a decision in discovery that

510
00:21:04,270 --> 00:21:01,160
decision was was delayed to mid-august

511
00:21:06,310 --> 00:21:04,280
now one of the three candidates is a

512
00:21:09,700 --> 00:21:06,320
Mars Lander that could potentially

513
00:21:11,230 --> 00:21:09,710
launch in 2016 did you delay the

514
00:21:13,750 --> 00:21:11,240
decision in order to see the results of

515
00:21:15,610 --> 00:21:13,760
the curiosity landing and if so how

516
00:21:17,560 --> 00:21:15,620
would that have a success or failure

517
00:21:22,090 --> 00:21:17,570
affect your your decision in discovery

518
00:21:24,640 --> 00:21:22,100
Thanks yes I've been working pretty much

519
00:21:26,020 --> 00:21:24,650
non-stop so the days are blurring into

520
00:21:28,299 --> 00:21:26,030
each other when you when you work over a

521
00:21:31,450 --> 00:21:28,309
weekend you know suddenly the weeks

522
00:21:33,880 --> 00:21:31,460
don't have nights natural boundaries but

523
00:21:37,930 --> 00:21:33,890
it I actually got the discovery

524
00:21:40,390 --> 00:21:37,940
briefings friday or monday i don't

525
00:21:43,240 --> 00:21:40,400
remember exactly so I've just gotten the

526
00:21:46,360 --> 00:21:43,250
briefings on the three missions that are

527
00:21:49,120 --> 00:21:46,370
in competition and so we're now kind of

528
00:21:52,090 --> 00:21:49,130
in the now that I have all the data and

529
00:21:55,210 --> 00:21:52,100
the executive team in science Mission

530
00:21:57,220 --> 00:21:55,220
Directorate the voting team has seen all

531
00:21:59,110 --> 00:21:57,230
of the actual data recommendation has

532
00:22:01,120 --> 00:21:59,120
been made you know we're within a week

533
00:22:02,770 --> 00:22:01,130
or so of making a decision and then

534
00:22:04,990 --> 00:22:02,780
it'll make its way through the through

535
00:22:07,780 --> 00:22:05,000
the chain so as far as I know there was

536
00:22:09,700 --> 00:22:07,790
no delay for any reason other than you

537
00:22:12,490 --> 00:22:09,710
know possibly what day of last week was

538
00:22:14,020 --> 00:22:12,500
was I going to get briefed so this is

539
00:22:15,340 --> 00:22:14,030
one of the exciting things about the job

540
00:22:16,549 --> 00:22:15,350
is that I'm actually the selection

541
00:22:18,619 --> 00:22:16,559
official for these important

542
00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:18,629
it's also the hard part of the job

543
00:22:24,169 --> 00:22:21,090
simply because I can tell you that I was

544
00:22:26,899 --> 00:22:24,179
presented three missions and you know

545
00:22:28,190 --> 00:22:26,909
the best answer is fun to mall but

546
00:22:30,259 --> 00:22:28,200
unfortunately don't have the money to do

547
00:22:31,909 --> 00:22:30,269
that so now we have to decide you know

548
00:22:35,659 --> 00:22:31,919
what the path forward is so within a

549
00:22:38,869 --> 00:22:35,669
week or two Leonard hi Leonard David

550
00:22:42,529 --> 00:22:38,879
with the aerospace America magazine if

551
00:22:46,450 --> 00:22:42,539
indeed you have a bad day at Mars what's

552
00:22:48,919 --> 00:22:46,460
the message you do want to relay to the

553
00:22:51,950 --> 00:22:48,929
space community and in the public

554
00:22:54,259 --> 00:22:51,960
community well I tell you I kind of

555
00:22:56,330 --> 00:22:54,269
touched on it earlier when you are doing

556
00:22:58,909 --> 00:22:56,340
exploration you are not guaranteed of

557
00:23:01,789 --> 00:22:58,919
success even gold medalist in the

558
00:23:04,489 --> 00:23:01,799
Olympics are not guaranteed you know of

559
00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:04,499
getting gold medal again so that's

560
00:23:08,629 --> 00:23:06,330
what's important about human exploration

561
00:23:10,999 --> 00:23:08,639
when we explore we know that there is a

562
00:23:13,850 --> 00:23:11,009
risk and if you don't take bold moves

563
00:23:16,249 --> 00:23:13,860
and you don't take bold missions you'll

564
00:23:18,489 --> 00:23:16,259
never make the progress that that it's

565
00:23:20,989 --> 00:23:18,499
we are expecting you know from it

566
00:23:23,060 --> 00:23:20,999
hopefully we have done everything we can

567
00:23:25,340 --> 00:23:23,070
and i know we have done everything we

568
00:23:27,409 --> 00:23:25,350
can you know to be successful but there

569
00:23:30,049 --> 00:23:27,419
is always there is a risk of something

570
00:23:32,419 --> 00:23:30,059
will fail and if that happens i hope it

571
00:23:34,850 --> 00:23:32,429
doesn't but if that happens i think we

572
00:23:36,919 --> 00:23:34,860
will quickly learn why it happened you

573
00:23:38,869 --> 00:23:36,929
know get back on our feet and continue

574
00:23:41,450 --> 00:23:38,879
our exploration and that's what happened

575
00:23:42,889 --> 00:23:41,460
you know 15 years ago that's what

576
00:23:44,570 --> 00:23:42,899
happened when we did Rangers and

577
00:23:47,389 --> 00:23:44,580
surveyors you know some of you remember

578
00:23:49,100 --> 00:23:47,399
that we'd have to try six times before

579
00:23:51,859 --> 00:23:49,110
we able to get them you know to hit the

580
00:23:54,560 --> 00:23:51,869
moon and then a few years later we had

581
00:23:56,200 --> 00:23:54,570
the footprints of Neil Armstrong on the

582
00:23:59,509 --> 00:23:56,210
surface of the more we didn't shy away

583
00:24:01,070 --> 00:23:59,519
because we had a setback so I hope that

584
00:24:03,649 --> 00:24:01,080
that's what will happen now of course I

585
00:24:05,210 --> 00:24:03,659
hope more that it will be successful and

586
00:24:09,320 --> 00:24:05,220
apparently the difference between Ranger

587
00:24:13,879 --> 00:24:09,330
six and seven maybe I should I'll open

588
00:24:16,789 --> 00:24:13,889
it later just to follow on the really

589
00:24:18,200 --> 00:24:16,799
hard work to get curiosity you know to

590
00:24:19,639 --> 00:24:18,210
the point where it's you know still

591
00:24:20,629 --> 00:24:19,649
encased about to hit the top of the

592
00:24:24,980 --> 00:24:20,639
atmosphere with the Mars Science

593
00:24:26,570 --> 00:24:24,990
Laboratory you know spacecraft is you

594
00:24:28,789 --> 00:24:26,580
know the investment that we've made in

595
00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:28,799
the people and the technology to get to

596
00:24:32,330 --> 00:24:29,970
this point

597
00:24:34,250 --> 00:24:32,340
and so that investment would not be lost

598
00:24:35,690 --> 00:24:34,260
on a bad day and we won't get the

599
00:24:38,210 --> 00:24:35,700
science the science is the end result

600
00:24:39,770 --> 00:24:38,220
that we all want to get cyan't into the

601
00:24:41,990 --> 00:24:39,780
hands of scientists around the country

602
00:24:43,430 --> 00:24:42,000
in the world to understand Mars but

603
00:24:45,500 --> 00:24:43,440
we're not going to give up on Mars if we

604
00:24:50,360 --> 00:24:45,510
have a bad day and in the technology

605
00:24:53,480 --> 00:24:50,370
that went into the power source for msl

606
00:24:54,980 --> 00:24:53,490
into the wheels into the titanium spokes

607
00:24:57,650 --> 00:24:54,990
of the wheels you know there are people

608
00:25:02,480 --> 00:24:57,660
in Chattanooga Tennessee who formed

609
00:25:04,490 --> 00:25:02,490
those particular titanium pieces the

610
00:25:07,400 --> 00:25:04,500
chemistry laboratory that would normally

611
00:25:09,920 --> 00:25:07,410
fill you know a series of lab racks in a

612
00:25:12,080 --> 00:25:09,930
chemistry laboratory with the team you

613
00:25:14,240 --> 00:25:12,090
know ad from the French and the Germans

614
00:25:15,530 --> 00:25:14,250
and the folks at the Goddard Space

615
00:25:18,020 --> 00:25:15,540
Flight Center that took all of that

616
00:25:20,030 --> 00:25:18,030
equipment and here at JPL put it into

617
00:25:21,800 --> 00:25:20,040
the size of a microwave you know they

618
00:25:23,510 --> 00:25:21,810
now know how to do that and they're

619
00:25:26,330 --> 00:25:23,520
working on future instruments you know

620
00:25:28,760 --> 00:25:26,340
that's the investment we made 7,000

621
00:25:30,830 --> 00:25:28,770
people you know made in America to be

622
00:25:33,050 --> 00:25:30,840
able to get MSL to the point where we're

623
00:25:35,480 --> 00:25:33,060
just about to put curiosity on the

624
00:25:37,010 --> 00:25:35,490
surface and that's that's of great value

625
00:25:39,050 --> 00:25:37,020
we shouldn't underestimate that no

626
00:25:41,000 --> 00:25:39,060
matter how it turns out tonight which

627
00:25:43,340 --> 00:25:41,010
will turn out well I've to vomit every

628
00:25:44,810 --> 00:25:43,350
single dollar was spent here you know on

629
00:25:47,240 --> 00:25:44,820
the ground you know in very high-tech

630
00:25:49,280 --> 00:25:47,250
advances and technology development so

631
00:25:50,630 --> 00:25:49,290
all of that we have gained the science

632
00:25:54,500 --> 00:25:50,640
will be the one which would get delayed

633
00:25:56,740 --> 00:25:54,510
if if we have a bad day just a quick and

634
00:25:59,360 --> 00:25:56,750
you know we got used to the airbags and

635
00:26:01,940 --> 00:25:59,370
we're maybe we'll get used to the sky

636
00:26:06,440 --> 00:26:01,950
crane but what do you see is the future

637
00:26:08,300 --> 00:26:06,450
of those two entry systems playing and

638
00:26:09,740 --> 00:26:08,310
even some of these lower costs missions

639
00:26:13,040 --> 00:26:09,750
are that we're going to be seeing those

640
00:26:16,820 --> 00:26:13,050
again are we going to see something even

641
00:26:18,950 --> 00:26:16,830
more different than what is that there

642
00:26:20,780 --> 00:26:18,960
well I mean it's it's it really scales

643
00:26:22,340 --> 00:26:20,790
depend on what is the science and the

644
00:26:23,930 --> 00:26:22,350
size of the rover that you want to do as

645
00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:23,940
you probably know the reason we did not

646
00:26:28,730 --> 00:26:26,010
do airbag it's not because we don't like

647
00:26:30,680 --> 00:26:28,740
them we like them a lot but the rover is

648
00:26:32,900 --> 00:26:30,690
much bigger you know that we cannot

649
00:26:34,700 --> 00:26:32,910
handle it with airbags for this you know

650
00:26:36,440 --> 00:26:34,710
for this case and the size of the rover

651
00:26:38,540 --> 00:26:36,450
was driven by the scientific objective

652
00:26:40,700 --> 00:26:38,550
now you say what what if we want

653
00:26:43,430 --> 00:26:40,710
something well beyond the one time you

654
00:26:44,110 --> 00:26:43,440
know which which we landed we are

655
00:26:47,020 --> 00:26:44,120
actually the

656
00:26:49,990 --> 00:26:47,030
hoping as we speak inflatable you know

657
00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:50,000
heat shields and larger parachutes and

658
00:26:54,790 --> 00:26:53,210
these will be tested in a program about

659
00:26:56,890 --> 00:26:54,800
a year from now there have been some

660
00:26:59,230 --> 00:26:56,900
tests at Langley has done literally

661
00:27:01,420 --> 00:26:59,240
couple of weeks ago so there are new

662
00:27:04,030 --> 00:27:01,430
technology which will enable us to land

663
00:27:05,290 --> 00:27:04,040
even larger platform and then after you

664
00:27:07,870 --> 00:27:05,300
have to size it depending on your

665
00:27:09,460 --> 00:27:07,880
experiment that you are doing so so you

666
00:27:11,440 --> 00:27:09,470
can drive a volkswagen or you need a

667
00:27:12,990 --> 00:27:11,450
trust depending what you're really your

668
00:27:15,130 --> 00:27:13,000
science objective for that mission

669
00:27:16,990 --> 00:27:15,140
you'll see that in this Mars program

670
00:27:19,660 --> 00:27:17,000
planning group output that they're

671
00:27:22,750 --> 00:27:19,670
looking at mixing this technology for

672
00:27:24,460 --> 00:27:22,760
increasing capability over time leading

673
00:27:26,560 --> 00:27:24,470
up to putting larger things on the

674
00:27:28,450 --> 00:27:26,570
surface in such resource utilization but

675
00:27:30,310 --> 00:27:28,460
specifically you know on the entry

676
00:27:33,630 --> 00:27:30,320
descent and landing phase on things like

677
00:27:35,920 --> 00:27:33,640
the hypersonic deceleration powered

678
00:27:38,200 --> 00:27:35,930
supersonic decelerator 'he's you know

679
00:27:40,000 --> 00:27:38,210
things that can get you beyond MSL but

680
00:27:42,850 --> 00:27:40,010
also to refine the medium scale so

681
00:27:45,910 --> 00:27:42,860
across the board and that's the power of

682
00:27:47,560 --> 00:27:45,920
combining our technology efforts with

683
00:27:49,090 --> 00:27:47,570
our science efforts with the human

684
00:27:51,490 --> 00:27:49,100
spaceflight efforts and to add to what

685
00:27:53,590 --> 00:27:51,500
John is saying like on future mission

686
00:27:55,720 --> 00:27:53,600
you also might see optical communication

687
00:27:57,430 --> 00:27:55,730
if we need higher data rates than what

688
00:28:00,070 --> 00:27:57,440
we are doing now so vs. radio

689
00:28:01,900 --> 00:28:00,080
communication so so all of these new

690
00:28:03,610 --> 00:28:01,910
development that we are doing will have

691
00:28:06,130 --> 00:28:03,620
to match them depending what subjective

692
00:28:07,270 --> 00:28:06,140
that we're trying to accomplish okay few

693
00:28:08,380 --> 00:28:07,280
more questions over here then we're

694
00:28:10,090 --> 00:28:08,390
going to go over to our social media

695
00:28:12,220 --> 00:28:10,100
folks and then we'll come back to the

696
00:28:14,470 --> 00:28:12,230
media side of the house so sir thank you

697
00:28:15,580 --> 00:28:14,480
steve gorman with Reuters and I was but

698
00:28:17,320 --> 00:28:15,590
I was gonna ask you to serve a corollary

699
00:28:18,970 --> 00:28:17,330
to the last question which is for the

700
00:28:22,780 --> 00:28:18,980
other flip side which is if you could

701
00:28:25,030 --> 00:28:22,790
talk about how much in what way up how

702
00:28:27,850 --> 00:28:25,040
much NASA and the space agency in space

703
00:28:29,350 --> 00:28:27,860
program overall has riding on the

704
00:28:31,780 --> 00:28:29,360
successful outcome of this of the

705
00:28:32,740 --> 00:28:31,790
landing and I mean all landings and

706
00:28:34,180 --> 00:28:32,750
deployments of these things are

707
00:28:35,740 --> 00:28:34,190
important but if this one sort of comes

708
00:28:38,230 --> 00:28:35,750
at a particular time in NASA's history

709
00:28:39,850 --> 00:28:38,240
that makes it especially important for a

710
00:28:42,400 --> 00:28:39,860
success to occur and if you could talk

711
00:28:45,370 --> 00:28:42,410
about about that and whether this means

712
00:28:48,190 --> 00:28:45,380
something to NASA prestige and other

713
00:28:50,620 --> 00:28:48,200
other factors well certainly I think

714
00:28:52,750 --> 00:28:50,630
every mission that we fly and you know

715
00:28:55,330 --> 00:28:52,760
in just in science alone we have over 61

716
00:28:57,040 --> 00:28:55,340
missions currently flying we have a

717
00:28:58,120 --> 00:28:57,050
couple of dozen more that are in

718
00:28:59,590 --> 00:28:58,130
development

719
00:29:01,600 --> 00:28:59,600
for launch just in the next couple of

720
00:29:05,050 --> 00:29:01,610
years and you know as you look around I

721
00:29:06,310 --> 00:29:05,060
mean you know here at JPL and think

722
00:29:07,780 --> 00:29:06,320
about you know the fact that we have

723
00:29:10,060 --> 00:29:07,790
operating missions at Cassini we have

724
00:29:14,860 --> 00:29:10,070
Hubble Space Telescope we have you know

725
00:29:16,390 --> 00:29:14,870
a whole line of satellites we call the

726
00:29:18,460 --> 00:29:16,400
a-train observing the earth you know

727
00:29:20,770 --> 00:29:18,470
every mission whether it's you know

728
00:29:22,900 --> 00:29:20,780
about to land on Mars or its operating

729
00:29:25,480 --> 00:29:22,910
on orbit you know we consider as being

730
00:29:26,740 --> 00:29:25,490
very precious and special that said you

731
00:29:28,780 --> 00:29:26,750
know obviously there's a lot of risk in

732
00:29:31,450 --> 00:29:28,790
spaceflight it's it's much harder than

733
00:29:34,810 --> 00:29:31,460
just about anything we do here on earth

734
00:29:36,160 --> 00:29:34,820
and I think the event we're going to see

735
00:29:38,500 --> 00:29:36,170
tonight is probably the hardest thing

736
00:29:40,000 --> 00:29:38,510
we've tried certainly at Mars may be the

737
00:29:43,780 --> 00:29:40,010
hardest thing we've tried in any robotic

738
00:29:45,520 --> 00:29:43,790
spacecraft and you know so that means

739
00:29:48,100 --> 00:29:45,530
the outcome is uncertainty but that's

740
00:29:50,050 --> 00:29:48,110
what drives you know people to perform

741
00:29:52,060 --> 00:29:50,060
at much higher levels is that challenge

742
00:29:54,370 --> 00:29:52,070
the excitement of the challenge and the

743
00:29:56,560 --> 00:29:54,380
potential return and I think in that

744
00:29:58,960 --> 00:29:56,570
respect the potential return from

745
00:30:01,840 --> 00:29:58,970
understanding that the planetary history

746
00:30:03,940 --> 00:30:01,850
of Mars is really huge and will

747
00:30:06,550 --> 00:30:03,950
certainly affect our plans going forward

748
00:30:08,430 --> 00:30:06,560
for other science missions to Mars other

749
00:30:12,300 --> 00:30:08,440
missions to other planetary bodies

750
00:30:16,240 --> 00:30:12,310
Europa and sell Kinsella dists tighten

751
00:30:18,100 --> 00:30:16,250
the outer planets depending upon what we

752
00:30:19,840 --> 00:30:18,110
find and so I mean that's the exciting

753
00:30:21,880 --> 00:30:19,850
part the flip side is if we have a

754
00:30:23,170 --> 00:30:21,890
failure you know we're going to have to

755
00:30:25,990 --> 00:30:23,180
take some time and figure out what went

756
00:30:28,390 --> 00:30:26,000
wrong but in the sense of exploration

757
00:30:31,120 --> 00:30:28,400
and this is true you know throughout

758
00:30:32,620 --> 00:30:31,130
history you know will dust ourselves off

759
00:30:34,840 --> 00:30:32,630
pick ourselves up and we'll move forward

760
00:30:37,060 --> 00:30:34,850
and we'll be back on Mars and if you

761
00:30:39,220 --> 00:30:37,070
want to think about you know a tough

762
00:30:41,620 --> 00:30:39,230
story you know think about Shackleton

763
00:30:43,630 --> 00:30:41,630
and his men you know trying to get to

764
00:30:45,070 --> 00:30:43,640
the Antarctic and you know they all

765
00:30:50,230 --> 00:30:45,080
survived and they went out to explore

766
00:30:53,170 --> 00:30:50,240
further okay hi this yeah this is mike

767
00:30:54,190 --> 00:30:53,180
wall from space com um just just yet

768
00:30:56,410 --> 00:30:54,200
John I mean a quick question obviously

769
00:30:59,610 --> 00:30:56,420
sample return is there's something

770
00:31:02,410 --> 00:30:59,620
that's very high on that that sort of

771
00:31:04,060 --> 00:31:02,420
and a list of priorities for scientists

772
00:31:06,040 --> 00:31:04,070
around the world NASA to I'm just

773
00:31:08,110 --> 00:31:06,050
wondering if you can just maybe talk for

774
00:31:09,310 --> 00:31:08,120
a few minutes about I mean is that still

775
00:31:10,510 --> 00:31:09,320
feasible under the current budget

776
00:31:11,830 --> 00:31:10,520
situation is that something that you're

777
00:31:14,200 --> 00:31:11,840
still shooting for

778
00:31:16,630 --> 00:31:14,210
if and if so I mean when do you think

779
00:31:18,880 --> 00:31:16,640
that that that could be pulled off one

780
00:31:20,760 --> 00:31:18,890
of the marching orders for the Mars

781
00:31:23,710 --> 00:31:20,770
program planning group was to maintain

782
00:31:25,870 --> 00:31:23,720
the science drivers from Mars

783
00:31:27,970 --> 00:31:25,880
exploration as they look forward at this

784
00:31:30,940 --> 00:31:27,980
framework and so my sample return is

785
00:31:32,740 --> 00:31:30,950
still a crucial element of that you know

786
00:31:36,580 --> 00:31:32,750
keeping in mind that you know we were

787
00:31:39,130 --> 00:31:36,590
forced to back out of the planning

788
00:31:42,250 --> 00:31:39,140
stages of the 2016 and 2018

789
00:31:43,779 --> 00:31:42,260
collaboration with the Europeans because

790
00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:43,789
of the fiscal climate in the constrained

791
00:31:47,919 --> 00:31:46,010
environment but that was not a sample

792
00:31:50,019 --> 00:31:47,929
return mission now that was a sign that

793
00:31:51,850 --> 00:31:50,029
was primarily an exploration mission to

794
00:31:53,440 --> 00:31:51,860
test out technology and one of the

795
00:31:56,350 --> 00:31:53,450
technologies that was going to be tested

796
00:31:58,149 --> 00:31:56,360
out was to cash some samples but the

797
00:31:59,980 --> 00:31:58,159
plan to actually go launch those samples

798
00:32:01,450 --> 00:31:59,990
to orbit bring them back to earth you

799
00:32:06,610 --> 00:32:01,460
know was very far out in the future and

800
00:32:09,190 --> 00:32:06,620
not really funded or clear the tough

801
00:32:12,370 --> 00:32:09,200
part of sample return is not getting to

802
00:32:14,200 --> 00:32:12,380
the surface well everything is tough but

803
00:32:16,539 --> 00:32:14,210
getting to the surface and finding

804
00:32:18,450 --> 00:32:16,549
interested interesting places is what we

805
00:32:20,529 --> 00:32:18,460
pioneered with Spirit and Opportunity

806
00:32:22,659 --> 00:32:20,539
with the Mars Science Laboratory

807
00:32:24,789 --> 00:32:22,669
Curiosity rover we're going the next

808
00:32:28,419 --> 00:32:24,799
step which is to be able to go to the

809
00:32:29,680 --> 00:32:28,429
most interesting places or place and we

810
00:32:32,019 --> 00:32:29,690
only got to go to one but there were

811
00:32:33,940 --> 00:32:32,029
many more interesting places based on

812
00:32:35,740 --> 00:32:33,950
orbital reconnaissance so the Mars

813
00:32:37,740 --> 00:32:35,750
Reconnaissance Orbiter Odyssey Mars

814
00:32:40,510 --> 00:32:37,750
Express identified Gale Crater

815
00:32:41,710 --> 00:32:40,520
prospecting from orbit as a place that

816
00:32:44,320 --> 00:32:41,720
we wanted to go now we're going to get

817
00:32:46,659 --> 00:32:44,330
the ground truth and actually go to the

818
00:32:49,950 --> 00:32:46,669
places that look the most interesting

819
00:32:52,470 --> 00:32:49,960
and do the science the cosmochemistry if

820
00:32:54,370 --> 00:32:52,480
we see something that looks just

821
00:32:55,810 --> 00:32:54,380
incredible but the Mars Science

822
00:32:58,269 --> 00:32:55,820
Laboratory can't answer all the

823
00:33:01,560 --> 00:32:58,279
questions then that identifies the kind

824
00:33:03,970 --> 00:33:01,570
of intelligently sampled intelligently

825
00:33:06,490 --> 00:33:03,980
discovered place we would want to get a

826
00:33:10,149 --> 00:33:06,500
sample with context you know that will

827
00:33:12,279 --> 00:33:10,159
have this route a graffiti record will

828
00:33:14,019 --> 00:33:12,289
have the reconnaissance from orbit so we

829
00:33:15,190 --> 00:33:14,029
can say you know this is a place we

830
00:33:18,399 --> 00:33:15,200
really would have wanted to get a sample

831
00:33:20,500 --> 00:33:18,409
if we could but MSO will pioneer cure

832
00:33:22,810 --> 00:33:20,510
ask you a pioneer that process what's

833
00:33:24,340 --> 00:33:22,820
next well we still have to prove that we

834
00:33:25,600 --> 00:33:24,350
can get something off of the surface to

835
00:33:28,600 --> 00:33:25,610
Mars orbit and from

836
00:33:31,330 --> 00:33:28,610
mars orbit back to earth and so as part

837
00:33:32,410 --> 00:33:31,340
of the Mars program planning group you

838
00:33:35,080 --> 00:33:32,420
know they're going to cue up those

839
00:33:36,820 --> 00:33:35,090
technologies and say well when can we

840
00:33:39,520 --> 00:33:36,830
demonstrate something called a mars

841
00:33:41,740 --> 00:33:39,530
ascent vehicle when can we demonstrate a

842
00:33:44,320 --> 00:33:41,750
return vehicle well how do all those

843
00:33:46,390 --> 00:33:44,330
puzzle pieces or chess pieces play out

844
00:33:48,520 --> 00:33:46,400
move after move to be able to show that

845
00:33:50,560 --> 00:33:48,530
we have the technology and the hope is

846
00:33:52,270 --> 00:33:50,570
that with a series of technology

847
00:33:55,799 --> 00:33:52,280
missions combined with science missions

848
00:33:57,909 --> 00:33:55,809
combined with precursor human missions

849
00:33:59,830 --> 00:33:57,919
evaluating the radiation environment the

850
00:34:01,539 --> 00:33:59,840
crews environment that we can put

851
00:34:04,240 --> 00:34:01,549
together a program where we'll actually

852
00:34:06,190 --> 00:34:04,250
get more samples back the right samples

853
00:34:07,780 --> 00:34:06,200
sooner than we would have under the old

854
00:34:10,869 --> 00:34:07,790
plan of trying to do it with a series of

855
00:34:13,149 --> 00:34:10,879
flagships let me add one point to what

856
00:34:15,849 --> 00:34:13,159
or emphasize one point that John made

857
00:34:18,280 --> 00:34:15,859
just remember how we got to msl we

858
00:34:20,290 --> 00:34:18,290
started with Pathfinder here over about

859
00:34:22,149 --> 00:34:20,300
this big barely knew how to drive it

860
00:34:23,710 --> 00:34:22,159
then we moved up the Spirit and

861
00:34:25,659 --> 00:34:23,720
Opportunity which significantly more

862
00:34:27,820 --> 00:34:25,669
capable and even there at the beginning

863
00:34:29,830 --> 00:34:27,830
if you recall we had some challenges and

864
00:34:31,930 --> 00:34:29,840
we had to learn step by step of how you

865
00:34:33,869 --> 00:34:31,940
drive it over and how you assess the

866
00:34:36,580 --> 00:34:33,879
terrain it's on is that cut estoy MSL

867
00:34:39,040 --> 00:34:36,590
hopefully with a successful curiosity

868
00:34:41,530 --> 00:34:39,050
mission at least we would have learned

869
00:34:43,840 --> 00:34:41,540
how to land and drove very well you know

870
00:34:45,340 --> 00:34:43,850
on another planet so the key element is

871
00:34:47,590 --> 00:34:45,350
what John said is how do you take now a

872
00:34:48,940 --> 00:34:47,600
sample and put it in orbit and that's

873
00:34:51,159 --> 00:34:48,950
something that we need to figure out the

874
00:34:53,859 --> 00:34:51,169
way how do we do it stepwise so we have

875
00:34:56,560 --> 00:34:53,869
all the pieces that then we can build a

876
00:34:58,120 --> 00:34:56,570
sample return mission one more question

877
00:34:59,980 --> 00:34:58,130
here we'll go over to our social media

878
00:35:02,170 --> 00:34:59,990
folks and then we wrap up with so few

879
00:35:05,500 --> 00:35:02,180
more questions from our media yes genus

880
00:35:07,390 --> 00:35:05,510
and Sara ABC News John as an astronaut /

881
00:35:13,900 --> 00:35:07,400
astronomer where would you rather go an

882
00:35:19,050 --> 00:35:13,910
asteroid or Mars and why I'd rather go

883
00:35:21,870 --> 00:35:19,060
to Mars you know Mars we we live in a

884
00:35:25,390 --> 00:35:21,880
solar system filled with diversity and

885
00:35:28,030 --> 00:35:25,400
there you know fantastic places you know

886
00:35:30,099 --> 00:35:28,040
Jupiter over 60 moons of Jupiter some of

887
00:35:32,590 --> 00:35:30,109
which are very tantalizing you know they

888
00:35:34,870 --> 00:35:32,600
may have signs you know of ocean

889
00:35:36,940 --> 00:35:34,880
subsurface ocean salty oceans that could

890
00:35:39,160 --> 00:35:36,950
be you no could Harbor life you know

891
00:35:39,570 --> 00:35:39,170
Europa however we don't want to go

892
00:35:40,830 --> 00:35:39,580
anywhere

893
00:35:42,420 --> 00:35:40,840
your astronauts don't want to go

894
00:35:44,100 --> 00:35:42,430
anywhere near Jupiter the radiation

895
00:35:46,680 --> 00:35:44,110
environment I'll kill you literally you

896
00:35:49,710 --> 00:35:46,690
know Saturn would be awesome to go see

897
00:35:51,690 --> 00:35:49,720
Saturn but Mars is uniquely a planet

898
00:35:54,300 --> 00:35:51,700
being so similar to earth with an

899
00:35:56,130 --> 00:35:54,310
atmosphere with you know a surface that

900
00:35:57,690 --> 00:35:56,140
we can walk on in the same kind of

901
00:36:00,030 --> 00:35:57,700
spacesuits that we used on the moon or

902
00:36:02,400 --> 00:36:00,040
similar and that humans might one day

903
00:36:05,250 --> 00:36:02,410
live on you know it's that human element

904
00:36:07,260 --> 00:36:05,260
that makes it so compelling versus you

905
00:36:09,180 --> 00:36:07,270
know going you know out and Duke going

906
00:36:10,680 --> 00:36:09,190
somewhere that would be fascinating

907
00:36:13,410 --> 00:36:10,690
going to an asteroid would be

908
00:36:15,630 --> 00:36:13,420
fascinating to explore but it's really

909
00:36:17,820 --> 00:36:15,640
not a potential human destination for

910
00:36:19,590 --> 00:36:17,830
resource utilization for understanding

911
00:36:21,840 --> 00:36:19,600
the history of the formation of the

912
00:36:24,120 --> 00:36:21,850
solar system these are all valid reasons

913
00:36:27,810 --> 00:36:24,130
but as far as you know that the sheer

914
00:36:29,250 --> 00:36:27,820
adventure you know Mars is the place

915
00:36:31,410 --> 00:36:29,260
that I think astronauts current

916
00:36:33,810 --> 00:36:31,420
generation astronauts aspire to someday

917
00:36:35,490 --> 00:36:33,820
it's going to be a planet around a

918
00:36:39,390 --> 00:36:35,500
nearby star when we discover some

919
00:36:41,330 --> 00:36:39,400
earth-twin give your name I'm

920
00:36:43,920 --> 00:36:41,340
rachelsanders from the NASA social group

921
00:36:47,640 --> 00:36:43,930
we've talked a lot about about bad days

922
00:36:53,010 --> 00:36:47,650
but on a good day the rover's landed um

923
00:36:54,270 --> 00:36:53,020
can you go tonight yeah yeah exactly can

924
00:36:55,140 --> 00:36:54,280
you go over some of the science and some

925
00:36:56,970 --> 00:36:55,150
the experiments that you're really

926
00:37:02,340 --> 00:36:56,980
excited to do and to see and coming up

927
00:37:04,500 --> 00:37:02,350
coming months okay you mean not not

928
00:37:06,420 --> 00:37:04,510
today but over the next few months yeah

929
00:37:08,130 --> 00:37:06,430
I mean clearly the first thing which

930
00:37:09,420 --> 00:37:08,140
going to be done in the science is to

931
00:37:12,120 --> 00:37:09,430
look at the scene around you and to

932
00:37:14,340 --> 00:37:12,130
explore you know from as a Jew

933
00:37:15,870 --> 00:37:14,350
morphologies I mean not me but a dream

934
00:37:17,790 --> 00:37:15,880
of I would look at the scene in front of

935
00:37:19,530 --> 00:37:17,800
them look at the detail in front of them

936
00:37:21,750 --> 00:37:19,540
and they can learn a lot on the you know

937
00:37:23,310 --> 00:37:21,760
on the processes which happen there but

938
00:37:25,050 --> 00:37:23,320
for me that probably the most exciting

939
00:37:28,080 --> 00:37:25,060
thing is going to be when we actually we

940
00:37:30,420 --> 00:37:28,090
take samples first you know by zapping

941
00:37:32,160 --> 00:37:30,430
the rock was a laser see what kind of

942
00:37:34,140 --> 00:37:32,170
material come out from and then you take

943
00:37:36,570 --> 00:37:34,150
those samples and actually put them in

944
00:37:37,980 --> 00:37:36,580
the inn sam you know one one of the

945
00:37:40,500 --> 00:37:37,990
instrument which review a mass

946
00:37:42,540 --> 00:37:40,510
spectroscopy and determine if there is

947
00:37:44,970 --> 00:37:42,550
any methane if there is any carbon

948
00:37:47,430 --> 00:37:44,980
material in it I think that in-depth

949
00:37:49,050 --> 00:37:47,440
understanding you know of the different

950
00:37:50,850 --> 00:37:49,060
layers that John was talking about in

951
00:37:52,290 --> 00:37:50,860
their composition I think that's going

952
00:37:52,930 --> 00:37:52,300
to be one of the most exciting things

953
00:37:54,309 --> 00:37:52,940
and

954
00:37:58,210 --> 00:37:54,319
when you talk with somebody like John

955
00:37:59,349 --> 00:37:58,220
grotzinger the project scientist as John

956
00:38:01,030 --> 00:37:59,359
was saying earlier it's like in the

957
00:38:03,370 --> 00:38:01,040
early days of learning the history of

958
00:38:04,480 --> 00:38:03,380
earth now we are going to be in the days

959
00:38:08,140 --> 00:38:04,490
where we're going to learn the history

960
00:38:11,800 --> 00:38:08,150
of Mars as we are driving up that he'll

961
00:38:13,510 --> 00:38:11,810
now ultimately not being a scientist at

962
00:38:15,430 --> 00:38:13,520
geologists I'd like to get up to the top

963
00:38:17,670 --> 00:38:15,440
of that mountain it take a scenic view

964
00:38:20,680 --> 00:38:17,680
that's probably what it is a highlight

965
00:38:22,720 --> 00:38:20,690
now I'll say and it could happen

966
00:38:25,150 --> 00:38:22,730
relatively early early meaning over the

967
00:38:27,520 --> 00:38:25,160
next few months but but we'll start

968
00:38:29,559 --> 00:38:27,530
sniffing right relatively right away I

969
00:38:31,930 --> 00:38:29,569
think this question is there methane and

970
00:38:34,599 --> 00:38:31,940
the Mars atmosphere we have hints from

971
00:38:38,170 --> 00:38:34,609
ground-based observations you know it

972
00:38:39,730 --> 00:38:38,180
could be due to geologic processes but

973
00:38:41,770 --> 00:38:39,740
methane doesn't last very long in the

974
00:38:45,339 --> 00:38:41,780
atmosphere a couple hundred years and it

975
00:38:47,079 --> 00:38:45,349
breaks down it reacts and so whatever is

976
00:38:48,130 --> 00:38:47,089
causing if there's methane to be in the

977
00:38:51,430 --> 00:38:48,140
Martian atmosphere it has to be

978
00:38:55,120 --> 00:38:51,440
replenished the Mars Reconnaissance

979
00:38:56,680 --> 00:38:55,130
Orbiter actually has the resolution that

980
00:38:59,890 --> 00:38:56,690
if there's cows on Mars it would have

981
00:39:02,260 --> 00:38:59,900
seen them so we know it's not cows but

982
00:39:04,569 --> 00:39:02,270
what is it we we have no idea what's

983
00:39:07,660 --> 00:39:04,579
causing the methane to come out on Mars

984
00:39:10,329 --> 00:39:07,670
we think Mars is geologically you know

985
00:39:12,190 --> 00:39:10,339
past its age of volcanism of volcanoes

986
00:39:14,200 --> 00:39:12,200
but that doesn't rule out some

987
00:39:17,740 --> 00:39:14,210
geochemical process that would release

988
00:39:22,230 --> 00:39:17,750
methane considered exists is informal I

989
00:39:28,930 --> 00:39:26,260
and make my day okay and even if we

990
00:39:31,660 --> 00:39:28,940
don't see fossils if we see the

991
00:39:34,359 --> 00:39:31,670
molecular fossil evidence of broken-down

992
00:39:36,760 --> 00:39:34,369
bits that would be just the methane one

993
00:39:38,050 --> 00:39:36,770
I think will be an early excitement just

994
00:39:40,030 --> 00:39:38,060
to find out if it's there won't tell us

995
00:39:42,760 --> 00:39:40,040
what it's coming from but it would be

996
00:39:45,730 --> 00:39:42,770
the first hint that the seasonal methane

997
00:39:48,309 --> 00:39:45,740
actually exists but you know that the

998
00:39:51,579 --> 00:39:48,319
fossils is a great one I can tell you

999
00:39:54,069 --> 00:39:51,589
now that the most exciting thing that

1000
00:39:56,859 --> 00:39:54,079
the Curiosity rover will provide

1001
00:39:58,660 --> 00:39:56,869
scientist data to discover is going to

1002
00:40:00,970 --> 00:39:58,670
be something we've never we our

1003
00:40:02,380 --> 00:40:00,980
imagination hasn't figured out yet it's

1004
00:40:04,000 --> 00:40:02,390
going to be some big discovery and

1005
00:40:04,790 --> 00:40:04,010
that's what happened with spirit that's

1006
00:40:06,800 --> 00:40:04,800
what happened with care

1007
00:40:09,170 --> 00:40:06,810
reality is we just didn't have a clue

1008
00:40:10,490 --> 00:40:09,180
how interesting it was going to be here

1009
00:40:12,110 --> 00:40:10,500
going to take one more question from the

1010
00:40:13,700 --> 00:40:12,120
social media side of house come back

1011
00:40:16,730 --> 00:40:13,710
here for few more questions from media

1012
00:40:18,260 --> 00:40:16,740
we'll see if these accomplished

1013
00:40:22,130 --> 00:40:18,270
gentleman won't have any final remarks

1014
00:40:24,800 --> 00:40:22,140
and we'll wrap up hi Kimberly of plum

1015
00:40:27,110 --> 00:40:24,810
NASA social and Space Camp if there is

1016
00:40:29,200 --> 00:40:27,120
something particular that you could tell

1017
00:40:32,000 --> 00:40:29,210
the kids that are watching this tonight

1018
00:40:35,020 --> 00:40:32,010
for an inspiration or something message

1019
00:40:37,450 --> 00:40:35,030
you want to deliver what would it be

1020
00:40:40,030 --> 00:40:37,460
well there's a bunch of things and

1021
00:40:43,250 --> 00:40:40,040
Charles mentioned one of them which is

1022
00:40:45,520 --> 00:40:43,260
you know if you love space and you love

1023
00:40:48,200 --> 00:40:45,530
robots this is the mission for you and

1024
00:40:51,470 --> 00:40:48,210
and when I was growing up it was

1025
00:40:53,210 --> 00:40:51,480
dinosaurs and space that's what you know

1026
00:40:55,100 --> 00:40:53,220
that's what my friends love that's what

1027
00:40:57,710 --> 00:40:55,110
I loved you know that's what kids of

1028
00:40:59,120 --> 00:40:57,720
many generations have loved kids today

1029
00:41:01,970 --> 00:40:59,130
are a lot more sophisticated and I think

1030
00:41:04,130 --> 00:41:01,980
it's robots in space robots and space

1031
00:41:06,950 --> 00:41:04,140
and a robot with a laser that can zap

1032
00:41:12,440 --> 00:41:06,960
rocks it doesn't get any better than

1033
00:41:15,020 --> 00:41:12,450
that now I tell you one thing I am my

1034
00:41:17,420 --> 00:41:15,030
grandson he's 40 years old and he loves

1035
00:41:20,300 --> 00:41:17,430
dinosaurs so somehow he found recently

1036
00:41:23,450 --> 00:41:20,310
that the dinosaur was hit by an asteroid

1037
00:41:24,980 --> 00:41:23,460
and that extinct dinosaur so when I went

1038
00:41:27,050 --> 00:41:24,990
to see him recently came running to me

1039
00:41:28,700 --> 00:41:27,060
said grandpa grandpa tell me about the

1040
00:41:30,830 --> 00:41:28,710
asteroid are they going to are you going

1041
00:41:31,910 --> 00:41:30,840
to protect us from those asteroids of so

1042
00:41:34,220 --> 00:41:31,920
it doesn't happen like what the

1043
00:41:36,020 --> 00:41:34,230
dinosaurs have I think kids are

1044
00:41:39,770 --> 00:41:36,030
fascinated by what's happening in space

1045
00:41:41,540 --> 00:41:39,780
you know and and as John said I mean the

1046
00:41:43,340 --> 00:41:41,550
rover's you know we got him a little toy

1047
00:41:45,320 --> 00:41:43,350
you know Rover of this thing I mean

1048
00:41:48,110 --> 00:41:45,330
that's one of his favorite you know toys

1049
00:41:49,940 --> 00:41:48,120
on doing that so oh yeah that's it's

1050
00:41:51,650 --> 00:41:49,950
going to be a cool mission no question

1051
00:41:53,090 --> 00:41:51,660
about that now let me add one other

1052
00:41:55,600 --> 00:41:53,100
thing I think I mentioned it yesterday

1053
00:41:59,450 --> 00:41:55,610
to you guys but maybe for the group here

1054
00:42:01,730 --> 00:41:59,460
tonight at about 9 15 if you go out and

1055
00:42:03,710 --> 00:42:01,740
look toward the west and you will see

1056
00:42:05,720 --> 00:42:03,720
Mars setting down next to Saturn and

1057
00:42:07,970 --> 00:42:05,730
then few minutes later you're gonna see

1058
00:42:10,460 --> 00:42:07,980
the space station coming up in this

1059
00:42:12,740 --> 00:42:10,470
thing for me that reflect the greatness

1060
00:42:14,600 --> 00:42:12,750
of what our agency is doing so you'll

1061
00:42:17,120 --> 00:42:14,610
have a rover heading to that planet and

1062
00:42:18,470 --> 00:42:17,130
the space station rising up you know

1063
00:42:20,390 --> 00:42:18,480
next to it I think

1064
00:42:22,340 --> 00:42:20,400
that will be an iconic thing that

1065
00:42:24,170 --> 00:42:22,350
hopefully any young person that will

1066
00:42:26,450 --> 00:42:24,180
inspire them about what to do in the

1067
00:42:30,080 --> 00:42:26,460
future and and I'll just point out it's

1068
00:42:32,180 --> 00:42:30,090
at 9 15 is when it rises it'll be

1069
00:42:34,160 --> 00:42:32,190
visited with the south west to east

1070
00:42:36,140 --> 00:42:34,170
northeast it'll set at nine nineteen

1071
00:42:39,680 --> 00:42:36,150
sixty three degrees above the horizon

1072
00:42:42,410 --> 00:42:39,690
which is quite high and it'll be the

1073
00:42:44,360 --> 00:42:42,420
second brightest object in the sky only

1074
00:42:49,000 --> 00:42:44,370
an astronaut who knows that detail yeah

1075
00:42:53,660 --> 00:42:49,010
so okay two more questions here and then

1076
00:42:57,170 --> 00:42:53,670
it wasn't be a good witch of a role or

1077
00:42:59,210 --> 00:42:57,180
how significant was the early success of

1078
00:43:01,880 --> 00:42:59,220
em ER in terms of the number of

1079
00:43:04,610 --> 00:43:01,890
instruments and especially cameras that

1080
00:43:06,890 --> 00:43:04,620
ended up on MSL and the second part of

1081
00:43:09,950 --> 00:43:06,900
that question is how significant has em

1082
00:43:13,850 --> 00:43:09,960
er's success and longevity over the long

1083
00:43:17,060 --> 00:43:13,860
term had on the agency-wide success that

1084
00:43:19,310 --> 00:43:17,070
MSL now enjoys yeah no question I mean

1085
00:43:21,800 --> 00:43:19,320
Spirit and Opportunity were great great

1086
00:43:24,590 --> 00:43:21,810
advance but no question Porter I mean

1087
00:43:26,410 --> 00:43:24,600
curiosity is a signal quantum jump you

1088
00:43:30,020 --> 00:43:26,420
know that just gives you simple numbers

1089
00:43:31,910 --> 00:43:30,030
the payload on spirit or opportunities

1090
00:43:34,190 --> 00:43:31,920
about ten kilograms a payload here is

1091
00:43:36,440 --> 00:43:34,200
about a hundred kilogram now it's not

1092
00:43:38,720 --> 00:43:36,450
only the number but also there is a

1093
00:43:41,090 --> 00:43:38,730
dozen instruments which are flying very

1094
00:43:43,250 --> 00:43:41,100
sophisticated instrument so think of

1095
00:43:45,080 --> 00:43:43,260
spirit and opportunity as a geologist

1096
00:43:47,360 --> 00:43:45,090
for the first time they go in the field

1097
00:43:49,670 --> 00:43:47,370
and they just look with their lands and

1098
00:43:51,200 --> 00:43:49,680
was there hammer and then curiosity

1099
00:43:53,300 --> 00:43:51,210
comes in it's like bringing a sample

1100
00:43:55,220 --> 00:43:53,310
back to their chemistry lab you know

1101
00:43:56,980 --> 00:43:55,230
what that their university or the

1102
00:44:00,230 --> 00:43:56,990
research lab and doing the detail

1103
00:44:02,150 --> 00:44:00,240
analysis now having said that what we

1104
00:44:04,220 --> 00:44:02,160
did on mer allowed us to learn a lot

1105
00:44:07,190 --> 00:44:04,230
more about how to navigate and how to

1106
00:44:09,020 --> 00:44:07,200
land you know on the surface so now in

1107
00:44:11,600 --> 00:44:09,030
curiosity were almost an order of

1108
00:44:13,190 --> 00:44:11,610
magnitude more accurate you know in our

1109
00:44:15,500 --> 00:44:13,200
landing you heard the Charlie Bolden

1110
00:44:17,150 --> 00:44:15,510
saying earlier the accuracy of the

1111
00:44:19,310 --> 00:44:17,160
landing that we are doing now that is

1112
00:44:21,980 --> 00:44:19,320
being demonstrated because we eliminated

1113
00:44:23,630 --> 00:44:21,990
the correction maneuver is like you are

1114
00:44:26,750 --> 00:44:23,640
launching from the Cape toward the Rose

1115
00:44:28,130 --> 00:44:26,760
Bowl and you land on a specific seat you

1116
00:44:30,170 --> 00:44:28,140
know in the Rose Bowl that's how

1117
00:44:32,270 --> 00:44:30,180
accurate were coming and that's coming

1118
00:44:34,280 --> 00:44:32,280
because of the experience Wii game

1119
00:44:36,020 --> 00:44:34,290
you know in navigating and entering you

1120
00:44:38,000 --> 00:44:36,030
know on Spirit and Opportunity and I'm

1121
00:44:39,620 --> 00:44:38,010
sure on future mission we probably would

1122
00:44:41,300 --> 00:44:39,630
be I don't know what smaller than a seat

1123
00:44:43,880 --> 00:44:41,310
in the Rose Bowl that we can really land

1124
00:44:45,650 --> 00:44:43,890
on let me add one other element to that

1125
00:44:48,380 --> 00:44:45,660
which you know you can reflect on the

1126
00:44:50,710 --> 00:44:48,390
hubble space telescope the hubble space

1127
00:44:53,570 --> 00:44:50,720
telescope has been in orbit for 23 years

1128
00:44:55,310 --> 00:44:53,580
it's an icon of science around the world

1129
00:44:56,780 --> 00:44:55,320
not just for NASA but you know wherever

1130
00:44:59,720 --> 00:44:56,790
you go in the world people know the

1131
00:45:01,840 --> 00:44:59,730
Hubble the imagery the science maybe

1132
00:45:04,250 --> 00:45:01,850
some of the scientists that are involved

1133
00:45:06,350 --> 00:45:04,260
you know we have fallen in love with the

1134
00:45:10,760 --> 00:45:06,360
Hubble Space Telescope as you know a

1135
00:45:14,180 --> 00:45:10,770
tool for science and you know that's in

1136
00:45:15,890 --> 00:45:14,190
part due to its longevity the Mars

1137
00:45:17,660 --> 00:45:15,900
exploration Rovers were designed for a

1138
00:45:19,430 --> 00:45:17,670
90-day mission and I think if they'd

1139
00:45:22,070 --> 00:45:19,440
only lasted 90 days the science would

1140
00:45:24,620 --> 00:45:22,080
have been great but we wouldn't have you

1141
00:45:26,300 --> 00:45:24,630
know develop this relationship with the

1142
00:45:28,520 --> 00:45:26,310
rover's returning science back to earth

1143
00:45:30,860 --> 00:45:28,530
you know views coming out of winter you

1144
00:45:33,950 --> 00:45:30,870
know did did opportunity survive yes it

1145
00:45:35,240 --> 00:45:33,960
survived you know and people cheer you

1146
00:45:38,660 --> 00:45:35,250
know and we've developed that

1147
00:45:40,820 --> 00:45:38,670
relationship and the Curiosity rover

1148
00:45:43,670 --> 00:45:40,830
first we have to get it down safely this

1149
00:45:45,610 --> 00:45:43,680
evening which I'm confident we will has

1150
00:45:47,600 --> 00:45:45,620
a two-year mission lifetime nominally

1151
00:45:50,050 --> 00:45:47,610
but hopefully if everything keeps

1152
00:45:57,260 --> 00:45:50,060
running with this RTG radioisotope

1153
00:45:59,060 --> 00:45:57,270
thermal to stay warm at night and and to

1154
00:46:02,690 --> 00:45:59,070
keep operating for long periods of time

1155
00:46:04,610 --> 00:46:02,700
and to move long distances if we can you

1156
00:46:06,890 --> 00:46:04,620
know keep it running for for many years

1157
00:46:08,540 --> 00:46:06,900
doing great science I think the public

1158
00:46:11,060 --> 00:46:08,550
will fall in love with curiosity the way

1159
00:46:13,910 --> 00:46:11,070
they have with Hubble and in spirit an

1160
00:46:18,320 --> 00:46:13,920
opportunity so the and and you all are a

1161
00:46:20,870 --> 00:46:18,330
part of this the opportunity we have is

1162
00:46:22,850 --> 00:46:20,880
to engage the public in science and

1163
00:46:25,280 --> 00:46:22,860
exploration in a way that we've never

1164
00:46:26,860 --> 00:46:25,290
been able to do before and that's that's

1165
00:46:29,030 --> 00:46:26,870
a future that I'm looking forward to

1166
00:46:32,590 --> 00:46:29,040
that's why should get to the top of that

1167
00:46:36,140 --> 00:46:32,600
mountain so we have survived many years

1168
00:46:37,580 --> 00:46:36,150
last question this is for John you

1169
00:46:40,070 --> 00:46:37,590
touched on this a little bit oh I'm Lisa

1170
00:46:41,960 --> 00:46:40,080
Grossman from New Scientist she touched

1171
00:46:43,010 --> 00:46:41,970
on this a little bit before but if sorry

1172
00:46:46,220 --> 00:46:43,020
the end on a downer but if the mission

1173
00:46:46,540 --> 00:46:46,230
fails and will NASA look away from Mars

1174
00:46:49,540 --> 00:46:46,550
tour

1175
00:46:52,000 --> 00:46:49,550
other planets instead and if so where do

1176
00:46:54,220 --> 00:46:52,010
we go first well regardless we're not

1177
00:46:56,490 --> 00:46:54,230
going to look away from Mars we're

1178
00:46:59,800 --> 00:46:56,500
committed to a Mars exploration program

1179
00:47:02,770 --> 00:46:59,810
and as I said you know if we have a bad

1180
00:47:06,450 --> 00:47:02,780
day tonight that day tonight if if

1181
00:47:09,340 --> 00:47:06,460
curiosity doesn't land successfully

1182
00:47:10,570 --> 00:47:09,350
tonight you know we're we'll use that in

1183
00:47:11,980 --> 00:47:10,580
our forward planning will dust ourselves

1184
00:47:13,870 --> 00:47:11,990
off there's going to be a period of

1185
00:47:15,820 --> 00:47:13,880
mourning and great disappointment you

1186
00:47:17,020 --> 00:47:15,830
know people have you know those 7,000

1187
00:47:19,150 --> 00:47:17,030
people have spent you know the better

1188
00:47:21,250 --> 00:47:19,160
part of you know half a decade or more

1189
00:47:22,960 --> 00:47:21,260
working on these technologies and they

1190
00:47:24,970 --> 00:47:22,970
all want to see you know curiosity

1191
00:47:26,650 --> 00:47:24,980
roving and doing science and there's

1192
00:47:28,270 --> 00:47:26,660
going to be great disappointment but we

1193
00:47:30,460 --> 00:47:28,280
you know we will persevere we will be

1194
00:47:31,960 --> 00:47:30,470
back at Mars will be back on the surface

1195
00:47:33,520 --> 00:47:31,970
of Mars because that's where the most

1196
00:47:35,950 --> 00:47:33,530
interesting science is the most

1197
00:47:37,060 --> 00:47:35,960
interesting exploration but in the

1198
00:47:39,160 --> 00:47:37,070
meantime we're going to continue to

1199
00:47:41,740 --> 00:47:39,170
explore the other planets we have Juno

1200
00:47:44,800 --> 00:47:41,750
on its way to Jupiter you know we have

1201
00:47:47,200 --> 00:47:44,810
done that as we speak is leaving Vesta

1202
00:47:49,660 --> 00:47:47,210
on its way to series you know these two

1203
00:47:51,580 --> 00:47:49,670
large asteroids and you know they're

1204
00:47:53,770 --> 00:47:51,590
doing amazing science so we're

1205
00:47:56,470 --> 00:47:53,780
continuing to explore Saturn you know

1206
00:47:57,760 --> 00:47:56,480
lots and lots of missions now we're

1207
00:47:59,800 --> 00:47:57,770
about to launch radiation belt storm

1208
00:48:01,600 --> 00:47:59,810
probes to help study their sionis fear

1209
00:48:04,150 --> 00:48:01,610
we have stereo Solar Dynamics

1210
00:48:07,060 --> 00:48:04,160
Observatory exploring the Sun or earth

1211
00:48:08,680 --> 00:48:07,070
science instruments you know it's we

1212
00:48:10,780 --> 00:48:08,690
have a great program it's all it's all

1213
00:48:16,480 --> 00:48:10,790
exciting but tonight is going to be

1214
00:48:18,370 --> 00:48:16,490
curiosities night with that any closing

1215
00:48:21,520 --> 00:48:18,380
remarks on the next time we see these

1216
00:48:23,620 --> 00:48:21,530
folks it would be a gametime well Duane

1217
00:48:26,310 --> 00:48:23,630
Duane flash me a sign to remind me in

1218
00:48:29,560 --> 00:48:26,320
and actually i will i will mention it

1219
00:48:31,390 --> 00:48:29,570
you know you've heard Charles say this

1220
00:48:33,700 --> 00:48:31,400
myself say this NASA said it through

1221
00:48:36,120 --> 00:48:33,710
numerous releases you know this entry

1222
00:48:39,550 --> 00:48:36,130
descent and landing with a guided entry

1223
00:48:42,850 --> 00:48:39,560
with a supersonic parachute with the sky

1224
00:48:45,400 --> 00:48:42,860
crane both as a decelerator and as you

1225
00:48:47,260 --> 00:48:45,410
know hopefully to put curiosity down

1226
00:48:49,990 --> 00:48:47,270
relatively gently you know all these

1227
00:48:51,850 --> 00:48:50,000
complex maneuvers the 76 Pyro's I mean

1228
00:48:53,620 --> 00:48:51,860
this is going to be hard you know I'm on

1229
00:48:55,660 --> 00:48:53,630
the edge of my seat right now in fact

1230
00:48:59,740 --> 00:48:55,670
and there's there's lots of

1231
00:49:00,460 --> 00:48:59,750
uncertainties in nineteen-sixty-nine

1232
00:49:04,180 --> 00:49:00,470
when

1233
00:49:05,740 --> 00:49:04,190
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin you know

1234
00:49:08,530 --> 00:49:05,750
we're descending towards the lunar

1235
00:49:09,580 --> 00:49:08,540
surface we didn't have all this great

1236
00:49:11,800 --> 00:49:09,590
reconnaissance we had good

1237
00:49:14,170 --> 00:49:11,810
reconnaissance we didn't have sample

1238
00:49:16,750 --> 00:49:14,180
return first you know we were really

1239
00:49:19,270 --> 00:49:16,760
hanging it out there and in the end it

1240
00:49:22,510 --> 00:49:19,280
didn't look good in the final seconds

1241
00:49:24,820 --> 00:49:22,520
and you know some of you weren't born

1242
00:49:26,650 --> 00:49:24,830
yet some of you remember you know Neil

1243
00:49:28,480 --> 00:49:26,660
was controlling the vehicle we had a

1244
00:49:30,430 --> 00:49:28,490
human brain with that closed loop

1245
00:49:32,830 --> 00:49:30,440
control or one of our nation's most

1246
00:49:35,109 --> 00:49:32,840
experienced test pilots who was there at

1247
00:49:37,330 --> 00:49:35,119
the last minute so that ego could fly

1248
00:49:40,750 --> 00:49:37,340
over a boulder field and set down gently

1249
00:49:46,630 --> 00:49:40,760
somewhere safe curiosity doesn't have

1250
00:49:49,480 --> 00:49:46,640
Neil Armstrong aboard however however it

1251
00:49:51,370 --> 00:49:49,490
has this fantastic team at the Jet

1252
00:49:54,099 --> 00:49:51,380
Propulsion lab at NASA centers around

1253
00:49:56,410 --> 00:49:54,109
the country and in fact today is Neil

1254
00:49:58,300 --> 00:49:56,420
Armstrong's birthday so for Neil we're

1255
00:50:01,330 --> 00:49:58,310
going to put curiosity successfully on

1256
00:50:02,710 --> 00:50:01,340
the surface so with that adding to what

1257
00:50:04,300 --> 00:50:02,720
John saying I mean if I want to leave

1258
00:50:06,190 --> 00:50:04,310
you with something is the quote i

1259
00:50:08,430 --> 00:50:06,200
mentioned earlier from Teddy Roosevelt

1260
00:50:12,250 --> 00:50:08,440
this is a message to the whole world

1261
00:50:14,620 --> 00:50:12,260
that sometime it's but it's not a good

1262
00:50:16,300 --> 00:50:14,630
let's say that's how to put to phrase it

1263
00:50:18,010 --> 00:50:16,310
that we ought to dare mighty things

1264
00:50:20,670 --> 00:50:18,020
particularly for the young people that's

1265
00:50:23,560 --> 00:50:20,680
what I tell my daughters and my students

1266
00:50:26,500 --> 00:50:23,570
you need to dare mighty things even that

1267
00:50:27,970 --> 00:50:26,510
you might fail and sometimes failure you

1268
00:50:30,220 --> 00:50:27,980
know you learn a lesson from it and you

1269
00:50:32,109 --> 00:50:30,230
become a better person now see the same

1270
00:50:34,300 --> 00:50:32,119
thing happens here and we have had our

1271
00:50:37,089 --> 00:50:34,310
failures and we have had our successes

1272
00:50:38,859 --> 00:50:37,099
and let me tell you the success is a lot

1273
00:50:40,750 --> 00:50:38,869
better when you have had a failure and

1274
00:50:43,300 --> 00:50:40,760
you learn from it and that take you to

1275
00:50:45,670 --> 00:50:43,310
the next step you know in in your

1276
00:50:47,670 --> 00:50:45,680
exploration every Explorer I'm a big fan

1277
00:50:50,740 --> 00:50:47,680
of reading the notebooks of explorers

1278
00:50:54,160 --> 00:50:50,750
every Explorer had tough days it was

1279
00:50:56,710 --> 00:50:54,170
never easy you know and and hopefully

1280
00:50:59,050 --> 00:50:56,720
the explorers of this generation also if

1281
00:51:01,420 --> 00:50:59,060
we have a setback tonight will rise up

1282
00:51:03,430 --> 00:51:01,430
learn our lessons I move on and now the

1283
00:51:06,040 --> 00:51:03,440
reason we're leaving here is that in

1284
00:51:08,980 --> 00:51:06,050
five minutes the next shift shift which

1285
00:51:10,420 --> 00:51:08,990
will be here during edl will be starting

1286
00:51:13,030 --> 00:51:10,430
so John and I are going to wish them

1287
00:51:14,140 --> 00:51:13,040
good luck and was Charlie Bolden we're

1288
00:51:16,930 --> 00:51:14,150
going to go in with some good